Camera Angles

1) Bird’s-eye view:
A Bird’s-eye view shows a scene from overhead. Overhead of your character or even to show the setting but the shot doesn’t show anything as clearly as you may think it is. This camera shot makes the audience feel like ‘God’ as God watches over everything that happens over our heads. People would look as tiny as ants and that also makes the audience feel tall and proud.

2) High Angle:
This angle is similar to the Bird’s-eye view but not as high up. The camera is slanted in the action, hovering over the sides of the heads. This makes whatever you are trying to focus on smaller and insignificant. This action becomes part of a wider scale.

3) Eye Level:
The eye-level shot is placed in level with a character’s face as if the audience is watching in level with the focus.

4) Low Angle:
Low angles are mainly used to give an effect of how small you are to the world. Low angles shots give a sense of powerlessness and makes you feel useful in the scene and this type of camera angle would be useful for short actors like Danny Devito or Tom Cruise.

5) Oblique/Canted Angle:
An Oblique/Canted Angle can be sometimes tilted which is used in many popular horror movies to indicate to the audience that the scene is unstable, or ‘something is going to go wrong’. This shot suggests the ‘point of view’ of a character.

Camera Movement

Crab	A less-common term for tracking or trucking.
Dolly	The camera is mounted on a cart which travels along tracks for a very smooth movement. Also known as a tracking shot or trucking shot.
Dolly Zoom	A technique in which the camera moves closer or further from the subject while simultaneously adjusting the zoom angle to keep the subject the same size in the frame.
Follow	The camera physically follows the subject at a more or less constant distance.
Pan	Horizontal movement, left and right.
Pedestal (Ped)	Moving the camera position vertically with respect to the subject.
Tilt	Vertical movement of the camera angle, i.e. pointing the camera up and down (as opposed to moving the whole camera up and down).
Track	Roughly synonymous with the dolly shot, but often defined more specifically as movement which stays a constant distance from the action, especially side-to-side movement.
Truck	Another term for tracking or dollying.
Zoomb	Technically this isn't a camera move, but a change in the lens focal length with gives the illusion of moving the camera closer or further away.   Camera Shot Angles  1) Extreme Long Shot (ELS): Extreme Long Shot’s are used mainly to set the scene of the movie you are trying to create. It usually shows the outside of a building or even a landscape to give the audience a brief idea of where the scene takes place. 2) Long Shot (LS): This shot is difficult to use because it determines the actual size of an object you are trying to show. This corresponds with the real distance between the audience and the screen in a cinema or the TV. The shot requires a FULL SHOT showing the entire human body with the head near the top of the frame and the feet near the bottom, not cropping anything out.                                                                                                                                       3) Medium Shot (MS): A Medium Shot is usually used for dialogue scenes, only showing the human from the waist and upwards. If more than three figures are shown in the scene then this eventually becomes a long shot. People use these shots because they want the audience to concentrate more on the people and very little setting is shown – probably the director has already shown the setting of the scene before this shot and it is no longer needed to be repeated on a wide scale.                                                                                                                                  4) Close-Up Shot (CUS): A Close-Up Shot is mainly used to concentrate on a face or a particular Mis-en-scene showing very little background. The director may choose to make the background a blur to gain the audience’s attention on what he/she wants to be mainly seen. Close-Up Shots can be focused on objects or a character’s facial expression which takes up the mind of the character.       5) Extreme Close-Up Shot (ECU): The Extreme Close-Up Shot magnifies beyond what the human eye would imagine in reality. An extreme close-up of a face of a human would only show the eyes or the mouth covering up the whole screen with no background included. This shot is usually used to make a dramatic and tense effect.

Analysis of 'The Ward'

As 'The Ward' is quite similar to the idea of our trailer, I have decided to do an analysis of it.

• set in an asylum, seems quite old fashioned
• use of fire
• typical horror film music, quite and eerie, then loud
• use of a psychiatric doctor/nurse
• the main character doesn't know why she has been sent to the hospital "i'm not crazy"
• lighting is bright and white
• use of a dark figure that the girl called a 'ghost'
• "its going to kill us all"
• flickering lights used on the words and in the footage
• stretcher prop to show they are in hospital 
• screeches and screaming sound effects
• there is a main focus of an 'evil thing' - the burnt girl/figure
• "terror"
• use of blood
• the use of a few seconds of a plain black screen followed by a large part of the plot
• tension music that gets louder as the plot comes to light
• ends up a loud BOOM sound followed by the title, then has a vital part of the plot followed by the credits. this is effective as the audience thinks it is over when the title shows up, then they are surprised with more of the film.

Trailer Sound Type - Analysis

Psychological Film trailer sound track conventions - Asylum Theme

• Eerie, creepy music
• Single piano notes
• Violin screeching 
• Screams, yells, crying
• Shouting down an echoes corridor
• Door slamming
• Abrupt loud noises

Here is a track i found of YouTube that specialised in the Asylum sounds/theme, it really helped us make a decision on the trailer we want to produce;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpqbJMd6n-U

With all the fast paced noises and the wide range of instruments that is used in any horror yet alone psychological  i think that following the path of a Psychological horror is the best one to take. From the screams, build up of sound, jumpy, eerie, creepy and terrifying music i can really react as an audience myself, and that is the same reaction/connection i want the viewer to have when they watch our trailer.

Producer, Director and Distributor rolls

Roll of the Producer;
Film producers prepare and then supervise the making of a film before presenting the product to a financing entity or a film distributor. They might be employed by a film studio or be independent, yet either way they helm the creative people as well as the accounting personnel. Producers can often not personally supervise all parts of their production. The reasons are many. For example some producers run a company which also deals with film distribution.

Director;
A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. Film directors create an overall vision through which a film eventually gets made. Realizing this vision includes to oversee "the cinematography and the technical aspects" as well as directing the shooting timetable and meeting deadlines.

Distributor;
Often looked on as middlemen that add costs to material purchases, distributors are, in fact, a vital link in the composites industry, bringing tangible benefits to both material suppliers those manufacturing the materials and end-users. The distributor, who buys large material quantities from a supplier/manufacturer, then creates smaller material units and delivers those units to many customers, in a timely fashion. They are distinct from brokers, who neither take delivery or nor title to the material, and surplus buyers, who typically buy aged material or overage and resell it at a discount.

Storyboard

This is a rough storyboard for our trailer.

1. we will have our main character (the girl) running through a wood/a field in a nighty that resembles a hospital gown - then she will be dragged away by people dressed in hospital scrubs.

2. next we will have a clip of the girl on a stretcher, filmed from above while she is lying down. this will be edited to be black and white and will signify a flashback of the girls life.

3. there will there be a shot of the girl dropping old, burnt photographs of her and her family. this shot will be edited into a freeze, so the audience can get a good look at the photos and the people in it. this will then fade into the next clip.

4. the next clip will be the conventional part of a trailer where words appear on the screen to give the audience more information on the film.

5. the next clip will be a scene where the girl is in a room or a bedroom talking to the characters in her head. her (real) friend walks in and sees her, it looks like she is talking to no one, as she is the only one in her room, talking to herself.

6. next there will be a scene of the girl and her real friend having a conversation about her having a problem, which the girl denies.

7. there will then be more words to give more information.

8. there will then be another black and white flashback of a doctor looking down on the girl and giving her an inspection.

9. next will be a clip of the people in the girls head all shouting different things at her, and the girl looking scared.

10.  more words.

11. for the next 20 or so seconds there will be a montage of fast edited clips with flashes on light. the music of the trailer will pick up in pace for the end title.

12. the title of the film will then appear but a loud end to the music.

13. after the title and some credits, an end scene will play of the girl holding a knife and a girl (her sister) next to her, with blood all down her dress.

Analysis of the trailer 'Silent Hill'

watch the full theatrical trailer here.. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5mT5LhbRJw

I have researched psychological horrors and decided to do some research on Silent Hill (2006)

• a lot of the story line is shown before any writing/credits are shown
• the music gets louder and my intense as the plot comes to light
• the conventional aspect of a young child is used, as it could portray the loss of innocence
• the lighting is quite bright for a horror film, up until the last minute where it becomes darker
• use of "secrets" "it" and "darkness"
• possible ghosts and the unknown
• sound effects of a heartbeat or footsteps, which sets up tension
• at the start, it doesn't look like a horror film, as it shows a mother and daughter sat in a meadow

BBFC Guidelines

It is important that the BBFC’s classification standards are in line with what the public expects and that its decisions take account of what the public finds acceptable at each age category;

Therefore every 4-5 years, the BBFC carries out a major public consultation exercise to find out what the public thinks about the age rating of films and videos before they are released and whether the BBFC’s classification standards meet public concerns.

The BBFC adjusts its standards and criteria in response to any changes in public attitudes.

These standards are laid out in the BBFC’s Classification Guidelines which can be downloaded below. The Guidelines detail what is acceptable at each age category, from U to R18. They also set out the laws and principles which impact on the BBFC’s work.

There are two key principles which guide us when they apply the Guidelines:

• First, films and videos should be allowed to reach the widest audience appropriate for their theme and treatment.
• Second, adults should be free to choose what they see, provided it remains within the law and is not potentially harmful.

Copyright Research

Copyright research
In the global economy, intellectual property rights have never been more valuable, or potentially at risk.

As director Peter Jackson has pointed out: 'Piracy has the very real potential of tipping movies into becoming an unprofitable industry, especially big event films.' All copyright infringements direct revenue from production, distribution, exhibition and retail – reducing income from legitimate sales. We work with government, the film industry and other interested parties to help protect and promote copyright in our industry.

The scale of the problem

In 2006 the audio visual sector lost an estimated £459 million due to copyright infringements, with film losing £338 million. The estimated loss of £102 million in cinema admissions equates to 13.4% of the legal market in the UK. An estimated loss of £238 million DVD retail sales equates to 15% of the legitimate market.

Market research carried out in 2006 found that:

• 26% of the UK population had acquired or viewed pirate film material.
• Criminal gain from counterfeit and home-copied DVDs was worth an estimated £169 million.
• The proportion of people downloading and burning films increased by 26% from 2005 to 2006.
• Copyright Enforcement 

• The Federation Against Copyright Theft – Established in 1983, FACT works closely with statutory law enforcement agencies to combat the growth of pirate DVDs and other broadcast material, including online/internet piracy. FACT is accepted as a prosecution authority in its own right and facilitates investigation and prosecution. The FACT Accreditation Scheme provides a benchmark of security standards for film companies.
• The UK IP Office – the official government body responsible for granting Intellectual Property rights in the UK. The IP office is an Executive Agency of the Department of Innovation.
• The Trading Standards Institute – a professional association that promotes and protects economic growth by empowering consumers, encouraging honest business practices and targeting rogue traders.

Company Names

Production companies
Warner Bros. - The Matrix, Harry Potter, Eyes Wide Shut, Million Dollar Baby, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Lions Gate - Kick-Ass, Daybreakers, The Punisher, The Hunger Games
20th C Fox - Franchises like Star Wars and X-men and TV Series like The Simpsons and Family Guy
Dream works - animated feature films, television programs, and online virtual worlds
Blue Sky Studios- high-resolution, computer-generated character animation and rendering - Ice age, Robots 
Universal - The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle, Land of the Lost, Battleship, Dracula
Streamline Studios-  English dubbed Japanese animation - My Neighbour Totoro 
Paramount Pictures- Braveheart, Mission: Impossible, Indiana Jones, Forrest Gump, Saving Private Ryan
TriStar- Sleepless in Seattle, Bugsy, Jerry Maguire, District 9, Soul Surfer

For the trailer i think i am going to include Warner Bros. as the production company seeing  it is one of the major film studios, it is a subsidiary of Time Warner. Warner Bros. has several subsidiary companies, including Warner Bros. Studios, Warner Bros. Pictures, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, Warner Bros. Television, Warner Bros. Animation, Warner Home Video, New Line Cinema, TheWB.com, and DC Entertainment. Warner owns half of The CW Television Network  - Making it well known to viewers of all ages and having produced some of the best films of all time.

The Groups company name - seeing as our group consists of Megan Cunningham, Steffi Elliott and Sacha Ovenstone, it seems only fitting to take the first letter of each of our surnames and combine them to make ECO. Thus making Eco Films!

Trailer Linked With Our Trailer Idea - 'The Ward'

When coming up with the idea for our trailer, we found out that our ideas were quite similar to those of the already made film The Ward (2010) 
We watched this trailer and we enjoyed how it flowed between the clips and the words that came up on the screen that gave more information. We decided this film would be quite an influence on our trailer, we won't directly copy it but we can get ideas from it and make them our own.

watch the trailer here.. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buF-keImNYk

Plan of everything needed

Equipment

-Video Camera

- Sound boom
- Digital camera, lighting and tripod (for the photo shoot)
- Mac - editing & sound

-Mac leads

- Video tapes

Costumes (1940's)

- Vintage dress w/ peter pan collar, flat feminine shoes and lace opera gloves (main character)

- Torn lace/tea dress and ripped tights (main character #2)

- Tweed jacket, chord trousers, brogues and a smart shirt (Jacob/real friend)

- Vintage spotted dress, tights, trench coat, head scarf and brogues (split personality character)

- Long silk vintage dress, brogues, leather gloves and a small bag (split personality character)

- Turtle neck, white jacket and glasses (doctor)

Props

- Photographs of an Asylum (photo shoot)

- Stage/fake blood (?)

- Stretcher/straight jacket

Costume/Props

Costume/Props

Costume;

for the girl - 1940's clothing (not as put together as the others), a night gown/nighty, a straight jacket at some point
the doctor/hospital people - doctor's coat, nurse scrubs
friends in the girls head - clothes to reflect their personalities, such as a smart person could have the typical glasses and briefcase 

Props; 

• photographs of the girl and her family (could make them look old by editing them into black and white or burning the edges)
• a prop knife for the girl to kill/hurt someone with
• stage/fake blood
• some sort of stretcher to use for the girl to get taken away

Old Asylums

As the trailer is one for a psychological horror, we thought it would be effective if the location is set in a mental/lunatic asylum/psychiatric institution in the 1940's.

Like I did with the 1940's, I have done some research on asylums to get more information on what I could add to the trailer. 

"Before 1844, the mentally ill were stashed away in prisons and the basements of public buildings. But in the middle of the 19th century, reformers like Dorothea Dix pushed to improve the standing of those with serious mental illness, an effort that led to the construction of sprawling psychiatric hospitals with names like the State Lunatic Hospital at Danvers and the Athens Lunatic Asylum."

What were asylums like in the 1940-1950's?

"There were experiments in frontal lobotomy. A prefrontal lobotomy (meaning cutting a lobe of the brain.) Like other brain operations, frontal lobotomy was associated with risks of severe brain damage."

"They mistreated there patients very bad." 

"Prison." 

The 1940's

Seeing as our trailer is set in he 1940's, i researched the decade to gather some information that will  help on ideas of costumes and props

First location ideas

As the trailer is set in the 1940's, the ideal setting would be an Asylum or hospital, basically an old style building to shoot outside of.
A church of chapel would have a similar 'creepy' effect, with the plain and dark colours.

As an Asylum would be used, we would need a plain bright room for the inside scenes.
We have also thought about the opening scene being a young girl running through the woods to an open field, this would be a fairly easy place to shoot

Casting/Characters

There will be a few character shown in our trailer, such as

• the main character - the girl who has the psychological problem
• the people in her head who have different personalities which influence her actions, for example there might be an angry person who could persuade the girl to act angry towards people
• a friend of the girl who is actually real, and is concerned for her
• a doctor who will assess the girl
• hospital people who will lift the girl away on a stretcher 

Audience Profile

Teenagers to early twenties 

• This would be the preferable target audience due to younger people enjoying horror films that have a gripping storyline
• Along with the additional fact of the rarity of finding a horror film that actually scares a teenager, so to make a trailer that looks quite scary would stand out to them
• Films that have gripping story lines appeal most

People who enjoy horror films 

• People who enjoy horror films will enjoy my trailer because of their preference of specific horror films

Media studies students 

• Being a Media student myself, horror is my favourite genre of film and i do relate to finding the lack of horror in modern films lacking
• Making a different trailer from the others that i have seen would hopefully appeal to other Media students

Questionnaire ideas

1. what comes to mind when you hear the word 'horror'?

2. what do you expect to see in a horror film?

3. what would you expect to see in a psychological horror?

4. what do you like/prefer to see in horror films?

5. do you enjoy horror films? if not, state why.

6. list some of your favourite horror films. 

Initial ideas

• Psychological horror
• Girl with people/'friends' in her head - capable of killing
• Location - asylum/hospital/woods
• Different personalities represented through costumes
• Family photo - 1940's style - i.e, sepia, faded ect
• Set in the 1940's 

Mood Board

I made this mood board to show what sort of films will influence our trailer.
All the films featured are psychological films, which my trailer will also be.

I've used a lot of the posters to give an idea of what mine will look like, and I can also see a pattern in the elements of the posters, that many of them are simple with a face and dark lighting.